Genetic Testing And Its Social Implications :: essays research papers

Probably, applied genics most impacts on indian lodge ar as a result of patrimonial tests. In general, transmitted tests seek to chance on some feature of a persons genetic constitution. This feature can be a unhealthiness make mutation or a marker DNA sequence apply to let out presence of an different gene. Obviously these procedures used for testing the experimental condition of DNA, RNA or chromosomes are included in genetic tests. What is much it is possible to include some protein based tests and classical medical examinations when they betoken to detect inheritance of a trait. Genetic tests have been divided into quartette categories in this text, and they will be examined in greater detail later. These categories are Prenatal tests that are applied on fetuses during pregnancy. Neonatal screening expert after birth and career screening of marrying couples. Testing for serious late-onset disease before the symptoms occur. Testing to assess the probability of devel oping complex disease. in that respect are a couple of considerations around genetic tests 1. First of all, the tests should be trustworthy. When a positive or a negative result is obtained, we should be confident in that result with a confidence approaching degree centigrade%. To achieve such a high accuracy is not as easy as it may at first appear to be. meiotic recombinations that always occur take place during gamete generation, may separate a disease-associated gene and a marker DNA sequence which is used to detect mutated genes. False positive or negative results could be obtained. In addition, genetic tests look for the most common mutations that cause the disease. For example, a test would detect CFTR?F508 (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Receptor) mutation, however it is not possible to detect infinite number of other mutations. Therefore, a genetic test can give such results so that the physician is convinced that his patient is normal while he is stirred by an undetect able mutation. New tests are continuously being developed. Doctors and genetic counselors who will use these tests in the future, should be well informed about newly emerging tests. 2. Extremely accurate genetic tests can solitary(prenominal) be developed by thorough experimentation on humane subjects. Although there is generally no physiological risk in experimenting a person, the subjects should be informed that the applied test is not entirely reliable and in experimentation state. Informing subjects of experimentation is an obligation set by the Nuremberg Code. Just after World War II it was discovered that wrong experiments had been performed on humans who were kept in concentration camps of Nazi Germany.